[Goose]

Yes, NATO AWACS have been monitoring combat theaters since at least a year ago.

Indeed AWACS have been "monitoring combat theaters" from early on. However, it is unclear (to me at least) that the data is available to Ukraine in near real time. We have sometimes answered questions asked of us about specific targets Ukraine has already detected (Moskva sinking). That indicates Ukraine does not have the same access to the real-time picture we have. If they did, they would already know and wouldn't need to ask.

AWACS does do ESM. However, AFIK, the capability is targeted against radars that are used in conjunction with aircraft and IADS operation. They aren't targeted against GPS jammers. We have other platforms that do that, some manned aircraft (Rivet Joint and similar) and also several different types of drones.  To what extent we operate drones over Ukrainian air space I do not know. I assume we do to some extent. In many cases the GPS jammers operated by Russia would be detectable from international/friendly airspace, although GDOP would often be unfavorable. There is also presumably some significant support from LEO satellites, but I have no idea it's extent.  Again, I am unsure of how much of the information we have is shared with Ukraine and in what time period.

The GPS jammers probably are somewhat static at the moment. It takes a while to set them up and move them around. Russia won't start doing that until forced. So far, they haven't been forced. From that I conclude Ukraine doesn't yet have the ability to "go after them". In cases where a bombing raid using GDAMs is to be flown, I would expect an attack on the GPS jammers. So far, we haven't seen that. It may be the Ukrainians can't (for some reason) use HARMs to do it, but in many cases they can use HIMARS.

[Goose]

Yes, NATO AWACS have been monitoring combat theaters since at least a year ago.

Indeed AWACS have been "monitoring combat theaters" from early on. However, it is unclear (to me at least) that the data is available to Ukraine in near real time. We have sometimes answered questions asked of us about specific targets Ukraine has already detected (Moskva sinking). That indicates Ukraine does not have the same access to the real-time picture we have. If they did, they would already know and wouldn't need to ask.

AWACS does do ESM. However, AFIK, the capability is targeted against radars that are used in conjunction with aircraft and IADS operation. They aren't targeted against GPS jammers. We have other platforms that do that, some manned aircraft (Rivet Joint and similar) and also several different types of drones.  To what extent we operate drones over Ukrainian air space I do not know. I assume we do to some extent. In many cases the GPS jammers operated by Russia would be detectable from international/friendly airspace, although GDOP would often be unfavorable. There is also presumably some significant support from LEO satellites, but I have no idea it's extent.  Again, I am unsure of how much of the information we have is shared with Ukraine and in what time period.

The GPS jammers probably are somewhat static at the moment. It takes a while to set them up and move them around. Russia won't start doing that until forced. So far, they haven't been forced. From that I conclude Ukraine doesn't yet have the ability to "go after them". In cases where a bombing raid using GDAMs is to be flown, I would expect an attack on the GPS jammers. So far, we haven't seen that. It may be the Ukrainians can't (for some reason) use HARMs to do it, but in many cases they can use HIMARS.