Some Vaccine Questions - Can Anyone Answer? - Printable Version
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Some Vaccine Questions - Can Anyone Answer? - Snorlax94 - 12-09-2020
As we approach the possible availability of vaccines -- though it could be a number of months away from many of us -- I had some questions about vaccines that I imagine many people share.
1) On the issue of Antigen-Dependent Enhancement -- are we out of the woods yet? In the past cases where ADE arose, did they always occur soon after vaccination, or is there precedent of ADE arising as immunity fades or as the virus mutates? Are there any past cases of ADE that happened 6 months, a year, or even years after vaccination? Or, in the past has it always been something you see relatively quickly? Also, for past instances where ADE was a problem, was it dependent on the disease, on the particular vaccine, or on the particular type of vaccine?
2) I have read many times that the first vaccines may not be the best vaccines, and that we may need boosters, but you might be "stuck" with the vaccine you take first. IE, if you take Pfizer now, but this fall we realize some other vaccine (that isn't even in Phase III now) is the "best", why might you be "stuck" continuing to take the vaccine you took first? In the past, what scenarios required this?
3) 90% or 95%+ efficacy is considered a brobdingnagian success, but I was wondering, what are the causes for that 5-10% of people not being immune, and would it be detectable? For example, what percent of cases is due to some kind of error like a vaccine not being stored properly (so it loses potency) or not being administered properly (like they injected too little or in the wrong place)? Is there a significant % of people who would *not* be immune, but it would be detectable using a blood antigen test taken after the vaccination course is completed (like 1 month after the second shot)? Could an antigen test be revealing, or, would you expect everyone would show antibodies, but just some people (due to quirks of their immune system or their own body) just aren't completely immune even if they showed a ton of antibodies?
4) What are people's expectations for vaccinations for teens (12-18) and young children (under 12). When do people imagine college, high school, middle school and elementary students will be required to be vaccinated?
I know the answer to all of these is "we don't know yet". But that's why I've just framed each one as "what has happened with past precedents?" or, what data do we have for a speculative answer.
RE: Some Vaccine Questions - Can Anyone Answer? - BostonCard - 12-09-2020
No, we are not out of the woods from the perspective of ADE. It is possible that as immunity wanes, ADE might be more of an issue. But it is reassuring that the protection appears to extend to serious cases. I think the risk now is low.
Dengue is the most well known example of ADE. There is ADE with the disease itself, so perhaps not surprising that there is ADE with the vaccine. There is some evidence of ADE with influenza, but it is equivocal.
BC
RE: Some Vaccine Questions - Can Anyone Answer? - magnus - 12-09-2020
Additional question.
Is it true that those with allergies (or certain allergies) are more likely to suffer the side effects?
RE: Some Vaccine Questions - Can Anyone Answer? - magnus - 12-09-2020
(12-09-2020, 05:17 PM)magnus Wrote: Additional question.Oh, this is what my coworkers were probably talking about.
Is it true that those with allergies (or certain allergies) are more likely to suffer the side effects?
https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/09/health/covid-vaccine-allergies-health-workers-uk-intl-gbr/index.html
Quote:The two staff members -- who both carried an adrenaline auto injector and had a history of allergic reactions -- developed symptoms of anaphylactoid reaction after receiving the vaccine on Tuesday
RE: Some Vaccine Questions - Can Anyone Answer? - BostonCard - 12-09-2020
(12-09-2020, 03:20 PM)Snorlax94 Wrote: 2) I have read many times that the first vaccines may not be the best vaccines, and that we may need boosters, but you might be "stuck" with the vaccine you take first. IE, if you take Pfizer now, but this fall we realize some other vaccine (that isn't even in Phase III now) is the "best", why might you be "stuck" continuing to take the vaccine you took first? In the past, what scenarios required this?
I don't think there's evidence of this. For vaccines requiring two doses, you may need to take the second dose from the same vaccine maker (though maybe not if the antigens are similar enough). After that, you can probably switch vaccines, though you might have to take two doses rather than getting a single booster, though that has not been worked out either.
BC